Showing posts with label North Carolina. Show all posts
Showing posts with label North Carolina. Show all posts

Saturday, June 9, 2012

The Fleishman Rule


Two recent events have made me reflect on "The Fleishman Rule," which I was indoctrinated as part of my collaboration with Leo and has become a corner stone of my research program.
Leo explaining "The Fleishman Rule" to Dave
 
     "The Fleishman Rule" postulates that nature likes to play mysterious tricks on researchers by giving us a little glimpse of hope and then, right before we are ready to start the victory dance, crushing us with a nice dose of reality. Naturally, this reality is usually served with some degree of frustration and second-guessing of our abilities. The rule applies regardless of how meticulously or well-designed we believe an experiment was conducted. Therefore, Leo is a strong believer that the first set of data collected in an experiment should be treated as preliminary results. Yes, there is not such a thing as an experiment that can be completed in only one attempt. However, no need to fear: "The Fleishman Rule" is what makes research exciting. First, the fun part of research is to be wrong most of the time. It would not be fun if our predictions were always correct; instead, figuring out mistakes is what pushes us to be creative and to do better jobs as scientists. As I have told my students many times, "an easy problem is not a fun problem". Second, nature is not deceiving. The initial stumble is only a test of our willingness to push harder. And if we are willing to do so by conducting the experiment a second or third time, we will achieve our goal of understanding the complex dynamics of the natural word. 
     
  

Saturday, May 26, 2012

The Ghost of Competition

Yesterday I visited Elise, better known as “the anole lady”, to "help" with lizard catching. According to "the anole lady", it was a relatively successful day. We spotted a couple of previously marked males, and a handful of new individuals from both sexes. For someone used to working in the West Indies, I would have categorized such a performance as way bellow par; but it looks like working with A. carolinensis in natural forest around NC is a different story.
    Which brings me to next point. Anolis carolinensis is widely distributed, from Florida to Tennessee, however much of what we know about this species with regards to its ecology comes from studies from the southern range of its distribution (e.g., Florida, Georgia, Louisiana). Although, Sandy Echternacht, at UT Knoxville, has been studying A. carolinensis in Tennessee where he has found that their behavior is different from what is commonly observed in FL. 
    In Florida a significant amount of research has been done to evaluate the impact of A. sagrei (a somewhat recent invader) on A. carolinensis. One of the main findings is that A. sagrei seems to be displacing A. carolinensis from the lower portion of tree trunks. To my surprise nearly all of the activity we observed yesterday took place relatively high, above 3 meters.  Moreover, although we saw a nice amount of movement, in one instance a male travelled approximately 5 meters, none of the individuals ventured lower than 1.75 meters. Instead, individuals moved from tree to tree by the using connecting braches or by jumping between them. How common is this behavior (i.e. selection of relatively high perches in the absence of congeners) is an open question waiting to be answered. Its response might shed some light into our current understanding of the outcome of the interactions between A. carolinensis and A. sagrei.  For example, if we were working in Florida, I would have told Elise "you see, A. sagrei is displacing A. carolinensis"; however no A. sagrei here, which brings me back to the title of the blog. Working with competition is not for the faint of heart. It takes some clever thinking to design an elegant experiment, and even then you are always left wondering if the species' evolutionary history might partially account for the observed pattern.

Sunday, May 20, 2012

An update from Southern Pines

Look who decided to join us at Gum Swamp today! It's a Matt-lizard holding a carolina anole.

We saw and marked 3 individuals today, including one female and two males. Matt (my husband) spotted the female! What a natural; he should consider making more visits to Southern Pines in the future! With the goal of trying to understand more about green anole social interactions (and specifically, mating behavior), having Matt's help with spotting the locals was much appreciated. Thanks Matt!

And look who was watching us not too far away...

Thursday, May 17, 2012

The adventures of Anolis carolinensis


The adventures of Anolis carolinensis in Southern Pines, NC

elise k., g-student in the Leal Lab
Location: Weymouth Woods-Sandhills Nature Preserve
Subjects: male and female carolina anoles
Goal: to film their social interactions

~As a potentially useful test of mate recognition systems, wherein former mates recognize each other and base subsequent mating decisions on that ability[1], I sought to study the carolina anole, Anolis carolinensis.

Jenssen & Nunez (1998)[2] have shown us something interesting about this species: A. carolinensis males skip mating opportunities, bypassing females that even signal their apparent receptivity. That is, females arch their necks conspicuously (a maneuver thought to show sexual receptivity) within close viewing distance of the male, who then decides to leave!

‘Tis strange.

To see if these males are discriminating among local females on the basis of recent sexual history (eh hem, maybe these skipped females are previous mates?), I drove to Southern Pines, NC to watch anole behavior. Amid the beautiful long-leaf pine forests here, life isn’t so bad. -->

Except when you regularly lose sight of your study subject as s/he walks 20 ft. up a tree!

Trying to assess the mating behavior of North Carolina anoles has been challenging. Mostly, I have not been able to keep track of individuals to the extent hoped for. But when the bushes do rustle with signs of lizard activity, I’m there! So far I’ve seen some cool interactions, including one copulation lasting 25 minutes (!), and two escalated fights between territorial males (e.g., one male [the Victor] jaw-clenched the other’s head for nearly 10 minutes!)…wish I had that on film to show you.

Male and female A. carolinensis in copula, 5-4-12
Anyway, I thought males might’ve been capable of recognizing females/former mates (and hey, maybe they can!) but I can’t really tell yet if males are bypassing mating opportunities, as has been previously shown for a different population of anoles. Without that cool hook as a foundation, it’s hard to say what would be next for this study plan…

For now, I have 2 more field weeks to try to watch lizards : ) -Will be back to the blog soon!
elise

PS. check out who decided to hitch a ride on this beetle's head, observed in the park today!
an actual beetle-bug car!, 5-17-12




[1] IR info: Tibbetts EA & Dale J, 2007 Trends Ecol. Evol. 22:529–537.
[2] Jenssen TA & Nunez SC, 1998 Behaviour 135:981–1003.